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Mounting evidence has shown that exercise exerts extensive beneficial effects, including preventing and protecting against chronic diseases, through improving metabolism and other mechanisms. Recent studies have shown that exercise preconditioning affords significant cardioprotective effects. However, whether exercise preconditioning improves high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and lipid metabolic disorder remains unknown. The study was aimed to explore the effects of exercise preconditioning on HFD-induced obesity and lipid metabolic disorder in mice. 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice were subjected to swimming or sedentary control for 3 months, and then were fed with normal diet (ND) or HFD for 4 more months. The results showed that the blood glucose was decreased, and the glucose tolerance and grip strength were increased in exercised mice after training. Exercise preconditioning failed to improve HFD-induced body weight gain, but improved HFD-induced glucose intolerance. Exercise preconditioning showed no significant effects on both exercise capacity and physical activity in ND- and HFD-fed mice. HFD feeding increased total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in circulation, promoted subcutaneous fat and epididymal fat accumulation in mice. Exercise preconditioning increased circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased circulating LDL, without affecting the subcutaneous fat and epididymal fat in HFD-fed mice. HFD feeding increased liver weight and hepatic total cholesterol contents, and dysregulated the expressions of several mitochondria function-related proteins in mice. These abnormalities were partially reversed by exercise preconditioning. Together, these results suggest that exercise preconditioning can partially reverse the HFD-induced lipid metabolic disorder and hepatic dysfunction, and these beneficial effects of exercise sustain for a period of time, even after exercise is discontinued.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Cholesterol/metabolism , Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects , Lipids , Liver , Mice, Inbred C57BL , ObesityABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the effect of Chaishao Shugan Lidan Paishitang on inflammation, stress response and gastrointestinal function in gallstones patients with chronic cholecystitis. Method: Gallstones patients with chronic cholecystitis treated in our hospital from March 2017 to May 2018 were randomly divided into two groups, with 65 cases in each group. The control group was orally given ursodeoxycholic acid combined with metronidazole. In addition to the therapy of the control group, the Observation group was also given Chaishao Shugan Lidan Paishitang. Traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), superoxide disproportionation alcohol (SOD), propylene glycol (MDA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), gastric dynamic element (MOT), gastrin-releasing (GAS) and somatostatin (SS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspertate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and total bile acid (associates), and total cholesterol (TC) levels before and after treatment were observed in two groups, and the curative effect, reactions and relapse were also observed. Result: The inflammatory effect, stone ablation effect and clinical effect of observation group were significantly better than those of control group (Z=2.329, PZ=2.686, PZ=2.940, PPα, hs-CRP, IL-6, CEA, CA19-9, SS and MDA in observation group were lower than those in control group (PPχ2=5.140, PConclusion: The treatment of gallstones patients with chronic cholecystitis by Chaishao Shugan Lidan Paishitang has a good curative effect, and can alleviate clinical symptoms, inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation, improve liver and bile functions and gastrointestinal function, and reduce the recurrence rate.
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Osteoporosis development is closely associated with oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taurine has potential antioxidant effects, but its role in osteoblasts is not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the protective effects and mechanisms of actions of taurine on hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in osteoblast cells. UMR-106 cells were treated with taurine prior to H₂O₂ exposure. After treatment, cell viability, apoptosis, intracellular ROS production, malondialdehyde content, and alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity were measured. We also investigated the protein levels of β-catenin, ERK, CHOP and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) along with the mRNA levels of Nrf2 downstream antioxidants. The results showed that pretreatment of taurine could reverse the inhibition of cell viability and suppress the induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner: taurine significantly reduced H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage and expression of CHOP, while it induced protein expression of Nrf2 and β-catenin and activated ERK phosphorylation. DKK1, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, significantly suppressed the taurine-induced Nrf2 signaling pathway and increased CHOP. Activation of ERK signaling mediated by taurine in the presence of H₂O₂ was significantly inhibited by DKK1. These data demonstrated that taurine protects osteoblast cells against oxidative damage via Wnt/β-catenin-mediated activation of the ERK signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants , Apoptosis , Cell Survival , Hydrogen Peroxide , Hydrogen , Malondialdehyde , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , Osteoblasts , Osteoporosis , Oxidative Stress , Phosphorylation , Reactive Oxygen Species , RNA, Messenger , TaurineABSTRACT
AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of catalpol,acteoside,jionoside B1,martinoside,calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,ononin,calycosin,formononetin and heterophyllin B in Jiangtangjia Tablets (Rehmanniae Radix,Astragali Radix,Pseudostellariae Radix,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.1％ glacial acetic acid flowing at 0.9 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 203,210,254,330 nm.RESULTS Nine constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 96.86％-100.30％ with the RSDs of 0.74％-1.68％.CONCLUSION This stable and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Jiangtangjia Tablets.
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Objective To observe the efficacy of acupuncture plus medication in treating diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) due to liver depression and spleen deficiency, and its effect on serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin (ET). Method Sixty IBS-D (liver depression and spleen deficiency) were recruited and randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases each. Patients in the observation group were intervened by acupuncture plus modified Bai Zhu Shao Yao powder, while the control group was intervened by acupuncture alone. The total effective rate, change of syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome quality of life scale (IBS-QOL), as well as the levels of serum 5-HT, CGRP and ET, were observed. Result The total effective rate was 83.3% in the observation group, significantlyhigher than 63.3% in the control group (P0.05). The global and component TCM symptoms scores and IBS-QOL dropped significantly in both groups after the intervention (P0.05) before the treatment. The levels of 5-HT, CGRP and ET decreased significantly after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05); after the intervention, the levels of 5-HT, CGRP and ET in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus medication can effectively mitigate the symptoms in IBS-D (liver depression and spleen deficiency) and enhance the quality of life, which is possibly achieved by down-regulating the serum 5-HT, CGRP and ET levels.
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Objective To observe the effect of elderly patients with gallstones by surgery combined with Xiaoyanlidan tablets in the treatment of the individualized nursing intervention effect of health and living habits of patients based on. Methods 94 elderly patients with gallstones were treated surgically in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (n=47) and study group (n=47), the two groups of patients after all give Xiaoyanlidanpian oral treatment, the control of 47 cases of elderly patients with basic nursing group on the basis of this, the study group was given 47 cases of elderly patients with individualized nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. Evaluation of two groups before and after nursing care in elderly patients with negative emotions and quality of life changes, after the concept of nursing Observe two groups of elderly patients with rehabilitation and nursing effect. Results The implementation of clinical intervention and nursing care of two groups after SDS and SAS scores were significantly reduced and the difference before and after group (P<0.05), and the patients in the study group, SDS and SAS score decreased to a greater degree (P<0.05); the two group patients before treatment GIQLI score was significantly lower, GIQLI scores of the two groups increased significantly after the implementation of nursing, compared before and after nursing group (P<0.05), and the study group the GIQLI score increased to a greater degree, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); the control group and the study group of patients with Kang Fuxian The efficiency were 85.11% and 97.87%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); the control group and the study group patients nursing satisfaction rate were 61.70% and 89.36%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The health and living habits of patients based on the individualized nursing intervention is helpful to improve the curative effect in the treatment of old patients with gallstones taken surgery combined with Xiaoyanlidan tablets, significantly improve the depression and anxiety status of the patients, it has important significance to restore and improve the quality of life of patients after operation.
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Objective To observe the effect of elderly patients with gallstones by surgery combined with Xiaoyanlidan tablets in the treatment of the individualized nursing intervention effect of health and living habits of patients based on. Methods 94 elderly patients with gallstones were treated surgically in our hospital were randomly divided into control group (n=47) and study group (n=47), the two groups of patients after all give Xiaoyanlidanpian oral treatment, the control of 47 cases of elderly patients with basic nursing group on the basis of this, the study group was given 47 cases of elderly patients with individualized nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. Evaluation of two groups before and after nursing care in elderly patients with negative emotions and quality of life changes, after the concept of nursing Observe two groups of elderly patients with rehabilitation and nursing effect. Results The implementation of clinical intervention and nursing care of two groups after SDS and SAS scores were significantly reduced and the difference before and after group (P<0.05), and the patients in the study group, SDS and SAS score decreased to a greater degree (P<0.05); the two group patients before treatment GIQLI score was significantly lower, GIQLI scores of the two groups increased significantly after the implementation of nursing, compared before and after nursing group (P<0.05), and the study group the GIQLI score increased to a greater degree, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); the control group and the study group of patients with Kang Fuxian The efficiency were 85.11% and 97.87%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); the control group and the study group patients nursing satisfaction rate were 61.70% and 89.36%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The health and living habits of patients based on the individualized nursing intervention is helpful to improve the curative effect in the treatment of old patients with gallstones taken surgery combined with Xiaoyanlidan tablets, significantly improve the depression and anxiety status of the patients, it has important significance to restore and improve the quality of life of patients after operation.
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Objective To measure the diameter of cochlear nerve(CN) in normal hearing children with different ages,and evaluate the diameter variations with age.Methods A total of 156 normal-hearing children were assessed with 3D-FIESTA sequence scanning of the inner ear.All the subjects were divided into 13 groups according to age,witha group of ≤6 months,a group of ≤1 year,and 11 groups from one year to 12 years.Each group had 12 cases,including 6 boys and 6 girls.The diameter of CN was measured at the entrance of the cochlea,the middle of internal auditory canal(IAC) and the fundus of IAC respectively on the axial and oblique sagittal images of 3.0 T MRI by two independent observers.The average values measured by them were the final results.The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine the consistency between the two independent observers.The t test was used to access differencesin CN diameter by sex and sides.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and two-way ANOVA were used for comparisons among different groups.Spearman correlation coefficient was applied to find a correlation between the CN diameter and age.Results The diameters of normal-hearing children's CN at the middle of the IAC,IAC fundus and the entrance of the cochlea were (1.12 ± 0.08),(1.05 ± 0.06),(0.87 ± 0.14) mm respectively,and there was significant difference among the three measuring points (F=527.57,P＜0.05).The diameters of the CN had no significant differenc (P＞0.05) in age-groups,gender and sides(P＞0.05),and there was no correlation between the diameters of normal children's CN and age.Conclusions The diameters of normal-hearing children's CN change with different points of the IAC,of which the maximum value is at the middle of the IAC,followed by the IAC fundus,and the entrance of the cochlea is at the minimum,more over the normal size doesn't change with age.
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Veregen™ and Fulyzaq are the first two botanical drug products that were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market in the US in recent years. Additional herbal medicines, including Compound Danshen Dripping Pills, Fuzheng Huayu Tablets, Xuezhikang Capsule, Guizhi Fuling Capsule, Kanglaite Capsule and Kanglaite Injection, have filed the investigational new drug (IND) application to the FDA and are in phase II or phase III clinical development. In order to gain better understanding of the process of botanical drug approval in the US, this article examines the aforementioned drugs by looking at their composition, indication, prior clinical experience and clinical development process, and summarizes key features that enabled IND filing and marketing approval by the FDA.
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Humans , China , Drug Approval , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Nonprescription Drugs , Therapeutic Uses , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluated the fundamental role of stage control technology (SCT) on the detectability for Salmonella networking laboratories.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Appropriate Salmonella detection methods after key point control being evaluated, were establishment and optimized. Our training and evaluation networking laboratories participated in the World Health Organization-Global Salmonella Surveillance Project (WHO-GSS) and China-U.S. Collaborative Program on Emerging and Re-emerging infectious diseases Project (GFN) in Shanghai. Staff members from the Yunnan Yuxi city Center for Disease Control and Prevention were trained on Salmonella isolation from diarrhea specimens. Data on annual Salmonella positive rates was collected from the provincial-level monitoring sites to be part of the GSS and GFN projects from 2006 to 2012.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The methodology was designed based on the conventional detection procedure of Salmonella which involved the processes as enrichment, isolation, species identification and sero-typing. These methods were simultaneously used to satisfy the sensitivity requirements on non-typhoid Salmonella detection for networking laboratories. Public Health Laboratories in Shanghai had developed from 5 in 2006 to 9 in 2011, and Clinical laboratories from 8 to 22. Number of clinical isolates, including typhoid and non-typhoid Salmonella increased from 196 in 2006 to 1442 in 2011. The positive rate of Salmonella isolated from the clinical diarrhea cases was 2.4% in Yuxi county, in 2012. At present, three other provincial monitoring sites were using the SBG technique as selectivity enrichment broth for Salmonella isolation, with Shanghai having the most stable positive baseline.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of SCT was proved the premise of the network laboratory construction. Based on this, the improvement of precise phenotypic identification and molecular typing capabilities could reach the level equivalent to the national networking laboratory.</p>
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Bacteriological Techniques , Computer Communication Networks , Laboratories , Salmonella , Technology Assessment, BiomedicalABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the relationship between pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping and serotyping of Salmonella (S.).Methods PFGE was performed and profiles were analyzed on 1230 Salmonella isolates which comprising the top five serotypes including Typhimurium,Enteritidis,Derby,Agona and Senftenberg identified in China.The potential predictive relationship between PFGE banding patterns and particular serotypes was compared and the discriminatory consensus band class markers of individual serotypes were identified.Results Among all the 1230 Salmonella strains,1149 strains were found assistant with serotyping through PFGE cluster analysis,providing the matching accuracy reaching 93.4％.For the five serotypes,the positive prediction rate appeared more than 90.0％ and the negative prediction rate was over 95.0％ on serotype cluster prediction.Conclusion Results presented in this study were representatives of the top 5 Salmonella serovars,showing that PFGE cluster analysis could provide clues to identity and confirmation of serotypes.
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Sulfur-fumigation processing technology is an ancient maintenance method, which plays a certain role in storage and preservation for Chinese herbal medicine. But in recent years, with the further explanation of sulfur-fumigation processing mechanism and more attention to the safety of drugs, such traditional maintenance method of Chinese herbal medicine is now being questioned by more and more people. The authors think we should have selective inheritance rather than abslute discard to this ancient processing technology after reviewing the literatures published in recent 20 years, and some suggestions are also put forward, which can supply some references for related drug supervision departments.
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Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fumigation , Methods , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Sulfur , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the transcription difference of the mannitol PTS genes between epidemic and non-epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae El Tor in mannitol ferment tests.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Growth curves of 10 epidemic strains (slow-ferment) and 10 non-epidemic strains (rapid-ferment) of Vibrio cholerae were detected in the process of fermentation test, and the transcriptional level of mannitol PTS operon of these strains were determined with quantitative reverse-transcriptional PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 4 hours of test, the non-epidemic strains became positive and the average growth density of the non-epidemic strains was higher than that of the epidemic strains; however, some were still lower than the epidemic strains. In contrast, at the eighth hour of test, when epidemic strains got positive, they showed higher average growth density. Compared to the epidemic strains, the transcription of mannitol PTS genes of the non-epidemic strains were much more active at the 1st and 2nd hour and were lower at the 4th and 8th hour.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The difference of mannitol PTS operon transcription level should be an important feature to identify the epidemic and non-epidemic strains of Vibrio cholerae, which directly influences the mannitol fermentation rate during the test. The growth rate is not a key factor that affect such difference.</p>
Subject(s)
Bacterial Proteins , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Mannitol , Metabolism , Operon , Phosphoenolpyruvate , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases , Metabolism , Transcription, Genetic , Vibrio cholerae , Classification , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method and to evaluate the its typing capability with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in molecular typing of Vibrio cholerae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven strains of V. cholerae, with different PFGE patterns, were selected as the reference group to optimize the selective primers of AFLP analysis. Eighty-three strains including 20 strains from one epidemic episode, isolated from different provinces during 1961 and 2005, were used to compare the typing abilities of AFLP and PFGE. LI-COR4300 DNA sequencing system was used for AFLP electrophoresis. The images were recorded by Saga(MX) software and transferred to BioNumerics for clustering analysis. A standard protocol for V. cholerae from PulseNet was used in PFGE.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When comparison was made with different selective primers on AFLP based on the 47 strains, results showed that the optimized selective primer pair was EcoR I-G/Mse I-T, and the reproducibility of the tests was 99.2%. Eighty-three isolates showed 52 AFLP patterns and 44 PFGE patterns, with D values as 0.9545 (AFLP) and 0.9251 (PFGE) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The protocol of fluorescent AFLP on V. cholerae typing was established. AFLP was higher than PFGE in discrimination of V. cholerae which could be used for molecular typing. When combined with PFGE, AFLP became a more insightful tool to identify genome difference of different isolates.</p>
Subject(s)
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis , Methods , Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field , Genotype , Phylogeny , Vibrio cholerae , Classification , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanisms of aluminum (Al)-induced neurotoxicity by studying the effect of aluminum on lipid peroxidation in rat's brain and its sex related difference.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty SD rats, both male and female, were exposed to aluminum through intraperitoneal injection of AlCl3 solution for 60 days at different dose. After exposure, the step down test was performed to examine the learning and memory abilities of rats, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat's cerebrum were detected by chemical method. The changes of ultrastructure in cortex were observed by transmission electron microscopy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The differences between the changes of all indexes of female and male rats in the same dose-group wasn't statistically significant (P > 0.05). Compared with the rats in the control group, the learning and memory abilities of the Al-exposed rats were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The content of MDA was increased (P < 0.01) while the activity of SOD was decreased (P < 0.05). The membrane structure of neurons in cerebrum cortex of the Al-exposed rats were broken, dissolved and gone.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aluminum can accelerate lipid peroxidation in rat's brain, which may be one of the important intoxication mechanisms of aluminum. However, the sex-related difference of this effect have not yet been observed.</p>